Asbestos abatement is a highly regulated process for a reason. When asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) are disturbed, they release microscopic fibers into the air that can cause serious health issues, including lung cancer, asbestosis, and mesothelioma. Proper containment, removal, and air sampling are essential to ensure that these fibers do not pose a risk to the occupants of the building. In this particular case, the abatement company failed on multiple fronts:

• Untrained Workers: The company employed workers who were not properly trained in asbestos removal, increasing the likelihood of improper handling and contamination.
• No Third-Party Consultant: A third-party consultant is crucial to ensure that the abatement process is conducted safely and according to industry standards. Without this oversight, there was no objective verification that the work was done correctly.
• No Air Sampling: Air sampling is a critical step in confirming that asbestos fibers have been safely removed from the environment. Skipping this step left the homeowners in a dangerous situation, with no assurance that their home was safe to re-enter.
• Self-Performed Final Inspections: The contractor performed their own final inspections, raising serious concerns about the thoroughness and objectivity of the evaluation. Without independent verification, the homeowners were left in the dark about the true safety of their home.

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At Western Health & Safety, we believe that every asbestos abatement project should be conducted with the highest level of professionalism and care. This means:

• Certified Workers: All workers involved in asbestos removal should be properly trained and certified to handle hazardous materials safely. In Alberta workers should have Alberta Asbestos Worker Card issued by Alberta Labour, and in BC Workers should have their Level 2 - Asbestos Abatement Card and the company should be licensed through WorkSafeBC.
• Third-Party Consultants: Independent consultants play a vital role in ensuring that the abatement process is conducted according to industry standards. They provide an objective assessment of the work and ensure that all safety protocols are followed.
• Asbestos Pollution Insurance: Both the abatement contractor and the consultant must have the inclusion of Asbestos Pollution for at least $1,000,000 per occurrence as well as their Commercial General Liability Insurance,  The consultant should have an additional $1,000,000 coverage in errors and liability insurance.
  
• Air Sampling: Air sampling should always be conducted before, during, and after the abatement process to confirm that asbestos fibers have been effectively removed from the environment.
• Independent Final Inspections: Final inspections should be performed by a third-party consultant, not the contractor, to ensure that the work has been completed safely and thoroughly.
• Clearance Letter: Following the asbestos abatement project, the contractor or the consultant should prepare a clearance letter stating that the asbestos abatement work is completed and that the building or area is safe to enter by unprotected personnel.

By adhering to these best practices, we can prevent situations like the one described above and protect the health and safety of homeowners and workers alike.
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​Chrysotile asbestos is commonly found in various products, including sheet gaskets, brake blocks, and other vehicle friction products. The decline in its use over the years and its ban in over 50 countries underscore the global recognition of its hazards. The EPA's final rule is a comprehensive step that not only bans these dangerous materials but also sets compliance deadlines to transition away from their use, emphasizing the health and safety of American families, workers, and communities.
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​Particularly noteworthy is the immediate ban on the import of asbestos for use in the chlor-alkali industry, a significant source of asbestos use. The EPA mandates a phased transition for facilities using asbestos, ensuring a balanced approach that prevents any disruption to critical water purification efforts. This decision reflects a careful consideration of both public health and industrial needs.
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The finalization of this ban is a monumental achievement in the fight against cancer and toxic chemical exposure. It not only protects current and future generations from the deadly effects of asbestos but also sets a precedent for the rigorous evaluation and regulation of other hazardous substances. The Biden-Harris Administration's decisive action on this issue is a testament to their commitment to public health, safety, and environmental justice, moving the United States closer to a future free from asbestos-related risks.
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For more information visit https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/biden-harris-administration-finalizes-ban-ongoing-uses-asbestos-protect-people-cancer

Growing up just down the road from Holmes Foundry in Sarnia, Ontario, I was unknowingly surrounded by a silent but deadly legacy of industrial negligence. The Keith and Brophy study, "Participatory Mapping of Occupational Hazards and Disease among Asbestos-exposed Workers from a Foundry and Insulation Complex in Canada," was a revelation. It detailed the extensive asbestos exposure suffered by workers at Holmes Foundry, with devastating health consequences that were ignored for far too long.

This study was more than an academic exercise for me. It was a haunting echo of the risks lurking in workplaces, risks that I later confronted head-on during my tenure at Alberta OH&S. There, I led a critical investigation into a disturbing case where a building owner flagrantly disregarded worker safety. Unprotected workers were tasked with removing asbestos-containing fireproofing across multiple sites, without respirators or any basic health safeguards. Witnessing the blatant disregard for human life and health reinforced my resolve to fight for safer workplaces.

These experiences have profoundly shaped my career in industrial hygiene. They underscore the essential role of occupational health professionals in safeguarding workers. In Sarnia, I saw the aftermath of what happens when safety is sidelined. In Alberta, I was on the front lines, actively working to prevent such tragedies.
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Now, as an experienced industrial hygienist, I am more committed than ever to championing workplace safety. Each day, I work to ensure that the horrors of the past are not repeated, advocating tirelessly for the health and well-being of workers everywhere.

I share this journey as a reminder of the critical importance of our field. We're not just protecting workers; we're preserving families, communities, and futures.

INTRODUCTION
In the field of air monitoring, specifically when assessing asbestos presence, the intricacies of sample collection and analysis come to the forefront. Over the past 30 years, the Industrial Hygiene experts at Western Health & Safety have examined over 30,000 asbestos air monitoring filters following NIOSH 7400: Asbestos and other Fibres by PCM. It's not uncommon for samples to be voided due to particle overload, a scenario that elicits varied reactions from engineers, building owners, and frontline consultants.

Sample overload can catch many by surprise, yet often, the conditions at the time of collection hint at potential issues. Nearby activities, like demolition or heavy machinery operation, can lead to air laden with various particulates such as diesel fumes or drywall dust. Anyone with experience looking through a microscope has seen an interesting array or particulates.

​Advancements in technology, such as the use of cell phone cameras, have enabled laboratory analysts to document the state of filters, offering tangible evidence of the air quality challenges during collection. These visual proofs can be indispensable for clients seeking to understand the impact of environmental conditions on air quality.
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Unlike other analytical methods where a higher concentration of the target analyte is preferred, asbestos fiber analysis requires a controlled approach. Excessive particle overlap on filters can render accurate microscopy nearly impossible, obscuring fibers and complicating data interpretation. When using the NIOSH 7400 method along with the NIOSH 7402 Asbestos by TEM, Hygienist on a daily basis are adjusting the sample volume to get the optimum particulate loading. Recognized standards such as NIOSH and AHERA suggest a maximum particulate threshold to maintain the integrity of fiber analysis.
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In scenarios where traditional methods such as the NIOSH 7400 and NIOSH 7402 falter, ISO13794 emerges as a critical tool. This sophisticated method, though costly, is pivotal in assessing air quality, particularly in high-stakes situations such as litigation or post-disaster assessments. ISO13794's meticulous process includes gravimetric reduction and a sequence of treatments to isolate asbestos fibers for analysis, offering results in precise density and concentration metrics.

​However, the complex nature of these calculations and the preparation process often necessitates expert guidance. For those seeking deeper insight into the nuances of ISO13794 and its implementation in air quality assessment, reaching out to seasoned professionals like Don at Western Health & Safety can demystify the process and provide the necessary clarity.
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​While no single method can claim to be the panacea for asbestos monitoring challenges, ISO13794 provides a robust alternative when conventional sampling is compromised. As we continue to refine our approaches and leverage advanced technologies, the goal remains unwavering: to ensure accurate monitoring and safe environments. For further details on navigating these complex processes and ensuring the integrity of your air quality assessments, expert consultation is a prudent step towards success.

When asbestos fibers are inhaled or ingested, they can become trapped in the body, leading to long-term health issues. The primary health risks associated with asbestos exposure include:

• Mesothelioma: A rare and aggressive form of cancer that affects the lining of the lungs, abdomen, heart, or testicles. It has a long latency period, often taking decades to develop.
• Lung Cancer: Asbestos exposure increases the risk of developing lung cancer, particularly among smokers.
• Asbestosis: A chronic lung condition characterized by scarring and inflammation of lung tissue, leading to breathing difficulties and reduced lung function.
• Pleural Plaques: Non-cancerous thickened areas in the lining of the lungs, which can cause chest pain and breathing problems.

In the event of accidental asbestos exposure, follow these steps:

• Step 1: Remove yourself from the contaminated area to minimize further exposure.
• Step 2: Avoid shaking or brushing off your clothes, as this can release additional fibers into the air.
• Step 3: Wash or shower with mild soap and water to remove any fibers from your skin and hair.
• Step 4: Contact your supervisor or employer to report the incident and document the details.
• Step 5: Consult with a medical professional to evaluate the level of exposure and discuss potential monitoring or preventive measures.

​Workers who have been accidentally exposed to asbestos may have legal rights and be entitled to compensation. It is crucial to consult with an experienced attorney specializing in asbestos-related cases to understand your rights and explore available options for seeking compensation, medical expenses, and potential damages.

In Alberta contact OH&S
     Phone: 780-415-8690 (Edmonton)
     Toll free: 1-866-415-8690 
     TTY: 780-427-9999 (Edmonton)
     TTY: 1-800-232-7215
Or online at Alberta OH&S

In BC contact WorkSafeBC - they have a dedicated form and website to track worker exposure to any hazardous substance.  Details can be found on their website:
www.worksafebc.com/en/claims/report-workplace-injury-illness/types-of-claims/occupational-diseases

In the US contact - Lanier Law Firm in Houston Texas
lanierlawfirm.com/mesothelioma/asbestos-exposure/

As a homeowner, you may be eager to start your next home renovation project. However, before you pick up that sledgehammer, it's important to take the necessary precautions to protect yourself and your family from the dangers of asbestos. Asbestos is a hazardous material that can cause serious health problems when its fibers are released into the air.

Asbestos was commonly used in construction materials prior to the 1980s, so if your home was built before then, it's possible that asbestos could be present. Asbestos can be found in insulation, ceiling tiles, flooring, and other building materials. When these materials are disturbed, such as during renovations, the asbestos fibers can become airborne and pose a risk to your health.

The health risks associated with asbestos exposure include lung cancer, mesothelioma, and asbestosis. These conditions can take years to develop and often have no early warning signs. Asbestos exposure is particularly dangerous for children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing respiratory conditions.

To protect yourself and your family, it's important to have an asbestos sampling done before starting any renovation project. An asbestos sampling involves taking samples of the building materials in your home and testing them for the presence of asbestos. If asbestos is found, you'll need to hire a professional asbestos abatement contractor to safely remove the materials before you can begin your renovation.

It's important to note that asbestos should never be removed by homeowners themselves. Asbestos abatement is a highly specialized process that requires proper training, equipment, and procedures to ensure the safe removal and disposal of the hazardous materials. Attempting to remove asbestos on your own can result in serious health risks and even legal penalties.
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In summary, before starting any home renovation project, it's crucial to have an asbestos sampling done by a professional. This will help ensure that your renovation is done safely and that you and your family are not exposed to the dangers of asbestos. Protecting your health should always be a top priority, and taking the necessary steps to identify and remove asbestos is an important part of that.
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In summary, it's important to take the necessary precautions to protect yourself and your family from the dangers of asbestos during home renovations. By having an asbestos sampling done by a professional before starting your renovation project, you can ensure that your home is safe and free from asbestos.

If you're concerned about asbestos in your home, contact a professional asbestos abatement contractor like WHS to schedule an inspection. They can provide you with more information about asbestos and help you determine if an asbestos sampling is necessary. Remember, the health and safety of you and your family should always come first.

​Call WHS today to schedule an inspection and ensure the safety of your home during renovations.

WHS Asbestos Exposure Risk Assessment
WHS uses a risk matrix provided below to evaluate the potential exposure to asbestos and determined that the overall risk level was low to moderate. This is a generic risk matrix which can be used with wipe samples, and/or bulk sampling results and incorporates the requirements of BC and Alberta, which have slightly different definitions of Low, Moderate and High-Risk Work.

Conditions for each criteria identified above, and the estimated worker exposure during demolition activities with no additional cleaning or controls implemented to reduce the release of dust and debris and based on details provided in image below.

Conditions for each criteria identified above, and the estimated worker exposure during demolition activities with no additional cleaning or controls implemented to reduce the release of dust and debris and based on details provided in table above.
Green – Minimal Risk/ Background Levels.

• Typical Airborne Concentration: at background levels
• Wipe Samples <10,000 structures/cm2

Yellow 1 - Low Risk of Exposure

• Typical Airborne Concentration: <0.01 fibres per cc.
• Wipe Samples >10,000 structures/cm2 but <100,000 structures/cm2

Yellow 2 – Low Risk of Exposure

• Typical Airborne Concentration: <0.01 fibres per cc.
• Wipe Samples >10,000 structures/cm2 but <100,000 structures/cm2

Orange 1 – Moderate Risk of Exposure

• Typical Airborne Concentration: between 0.01 fibres per cc and 0.02 fibres per cc.
• Wipe Samples >100,000 structures/cm2 but <1,000,000 structures/cm2
• Bulk samples Asbestos content is between 0.5% and 50% chrysotile and the material is non-friable.  Amosite, and Crocidolite present at <5%, vermiculite is bound in the matrix (plaster/stucco)

Orange 2 – Moderate Risk of Exposure

• Typical Airborne Concentration: between 0.01 fibres per cc and 0.05 fibres per cc.
• Wipe Samples >1,000,000 structures/cm2
• Bulk samples Asbestos content is between 0.5% and 50% chrysotile and the material is non-friable. Amosite, and Crocidolite present at <5%, vermiculite is bound in the matrix (plaster/stucco)

Orange 3 – Moderate Risk of Exposure (with a containment)

• Typical Airborne Concentration: between 0.01 fibres per cc and 0.05 fibres per cc.
• Bulk samples Asbestos content is between 0.5% and 50% chrysotile and the material is friable.
• Removal of friable Amosite, via glove bags.
• Potential for excessive dust (drywall dust and debris), occupied school or hospital. Infection Prevention Controls are required.

Red 1 – High Risk

• Typical Airborne Concentration: between 0.1 fibres per cc and 1.0 fibres per cc.
• Work can be performed with a half mask

Red 2 – High Risk

• Typical Airborne Concentration: between 1.0 fibres per cc and 10 fibres per cc.
• Work can be performed with a PAPR

Red 3 – High Risk

• Typical Airborne Concentration: >10 fibres per cc.
• Work can be performed with a PAPR/Supplied Air
• Dry Removal of Chrysotile, Amosite or Crocidolite 

Background
Asbestos was historically used as a friction material in brake linings, disc brake pads and clutch facings in vehicles because of its unique fire resistance and wear properties. With an increase in the awareness of the health risks associated with asbestos and introduction of specific occupational health and safety legislation to address these hazards in the early 1980s, the manufacturing of asbestos-containing friction materials, such as brake pads, in Canada ceased, as did the use of the asbestos-containing products generally.
Risk of Exposure
Asbestos is dangerous to work with and can cause occupational diseases, including respiratory problems, mesothelioma and lung cancer.   For many years asbestos has been recognized as a health hazard for workers performing work in asbestos mining, processing and installation of asbestos products. Several serious, debilitating diseases that often end in death have been linked to the inhalation of fine asbestos fibres. For each disease, there is a period of latency, from 10 to 40 or more years, between first exposure to asbestos and the appearance of the disease.

Auto brake mechanics are known to be especially at risk of developing asbestos-related diseases.  Extrapolating the risk of mechanics developing asbestos related diseases, millwrights ad others trades people are at risk of having similar exposure to asbestos when refurbishing hydroelectric generators that previously used asbestos containing brake pads. 

​The brakes used need to stop 200MT rotors contained 10-25% chrysotile asbestos, and when applied to a spinning rotor created smoke and particulate that migrated throughout the generator.

As our hydro electric system ages, more maintenance and even refurbishment is required.  Therefore more workers are now inadvertently being exposed to asbestos.  One may say “brake pads haven’t been used in almost 30 years and the potential of asbestos being present is low”  Since 2014, WHS has tested numerous generating units that previously used asbestos containing brake pads and the results have demonstrated that the stator coils and rotors are still contaminated with asbestos 30 years after the asbestos pad have been changed.  Historically these areas and surfaces are rarely cleaned and the dust and debris accumulates over the years.  On average we find asbestos surface dust concentrations in million of asbestos structures per square centimeter following
American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) method D6480-19: Standard Test Method for Wipe Sampling of Surfaces, Indirect Preparation, and Analysis for Asbestos Structure Number Surface Loading by Transmission Electron Microscopy
Controls
In Ontario, the Ministry of Labour has specific procedures for mechanical well working on vehicles with asbestos containing brakes.  Employers are required to follow Type 1 or Low Risk procedures which are set out in section 14 of O. Reg. 278/05. These required measures and procedures include:

• The removal of any visible dust on the pad or drum with a damp cloth or a vacuum equipped with a HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Aerosol) filter before beginning the repair work.
• Controlling the spread of asbestos dust by using measures that are appropriate to the repair work, including using a drop sheet that is impervious to asbestos (e.g., polyethylene) or other suitable material, which must not be reused and must be disposed of in an appropriate manner.
• Not using compressed air to clean up or remove dust from any surface.
• Not permitting eating, drinking, chewing or smoking in the work area.
• The provision of an air-purifying half mask respirator with an N-100, R-100 or P-100 particulate filter where requested by a worker.

These procedures can be extrapolated to apply to hydroelectric units, or any generator where asbestos containing brake pads were previously used, and out of the abundance of caution controls need to be implemented to reduce worker exposure to as low as reasonably achievable by cleaning the generator including the stator coils, and rotor prior to refurbishment.

Western Health & Safety team of occupational hygienists have experience in the assessment of assessing generators.